Creation of Linux
"Linux" is the Kernal (Brain) behind the operating system it self. An operating system is a collection of programs including a kernal, libraries, compilers…etc Linus Torvalds is the person who created the kernal of Linux. Another group called "The GNU Project", had those other tools, but did not have the kernal. So this group came together with Linus Torvalds and combined those bits and pieces to create "Linux", a fully functional operating system as you can see it today.
The Free Software Foundation
The Linux kernal, the GNU project tools and lots of other software are free software. "Free software is a matter of liberty not price. You should think of "free" as in "free speech". So it not necessarily always means that the software has no cost, but it means that software can be modified or redistributed without asking for permission or restricted.
Linux Distribution
The term used to refer to an operating system like Ubuntu, is "Linux Distribution". Other Linux distributions include: openSUSE, Fedora, MEPIS, Mandriva, PCLinuxOS, Debian, Damn Small, Slackware, Kubuntu, To observe and get more information about Linux distributions visit: http://distrowatch.com
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is an African word, meaning "humanity to others". Ubuntu is a Linux-based operating system that is very user friendly and available to the entire community. It has some related projects, such as: kubuntu, edubuntu, xubuntu http://www.ubuntu.com
Debain
It is a very inveterate distribution of Linux. It is the basis of Ubuntu Linux. It is also the base of many other Linux distributions. http://www.us.debian.org
Canonical
Canonical is a company who funded and found Ubuntu Linux, this company provides Linux and Ubuntu services and other products that help fund the free community of Ubuntu Linux distribution.
Help!
The main place where you can get help and support with Linux and Ubuntu is the community, because Linux is a community run opersating system. Hereby some useful links:
http://www.ubuntu.com/support
https://help.ubuntu.com (The documentation of Ubuntu is excellent)
https://www.ubuntuforums.org
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions