Objects are nouns that can be described with adjectives (attributes) and can do things with verbs (methods).
Classes are the blueprints for objects.

Instance – The result of using, or calling, a class.
Method – A function defined inside of a class.
Attribute – A variable that belongs to a class.

Classes

You call a class like you call a function.

warrior = Character()

Except, a class doesn’t run, it creates an instance of a class.

Attributes

Using attributes

class Thief:
  sneaky = True

Testing Attributes

>>> from characters import Thief
>>> kenneth = Theif( )
>>> kenneth.sneaky
True
>>> kenneth.sneaky = False
>>> kenneth.sneaky 
False
>>> Thief.sneaky
True

Methods

Methods are functions that’s belong to a class.
Whenever they’re used, however, they’re used by an instance, not by the actual class.
Because of that, methods always take at least one parameter, which represents the instance that’s using the method. By convention that parameter’s always called self.

import random 

class Thief:
  sneaky = True

  def pickpocket(self):
    print("Called by {}".format(self))
    return bool(random.randint(0,1))

Calling a Method

You call a method using the instance: kenneth.pickpocket()

import random 

class Thief:
  sneaky = True

  def pickpocket(self):
    if self.sneaky:
      return bool(random.randint(0,1))
    return False

Calling an instance method as kenneth.pickpocket() is actually calling the method using the class and passing the instance into it as an argument, like so: Thief.pickpocket(kenneth).