You can override an inherited method in a class by simply re-defining it in the subclass.

#[combat.py]:
import random 

class Combat:
  dodge_limit = 6
  attack_limit = 6
  
  def dodge(self):
    roll = random.randint(1, self.dodge_limit)
    return roll > 4
  
  def attack(self):
    roll = random.randint(1, self.attack_limit)
    return roll > 4
  

#[character.py]:
import random
from combat import Combat

class Character(Combat):
  attack_limit = 10
  experience = 0
  hit_points = 10
 
  def attack(self):
    roll = random.randint(1, self.attack_limit)
    if self.weapon = 'sword':
      roll += 1
    elif self.weapon == 'axe':
      roll += 2
    return roll > 4 
 
  def get_weapon(self):
    weapon_choice = input("Weapon ([S]word, [A]xe, [B]ow): ").lower()
    
    if weapon_choice in 'sab':
      if weapon_choice == 's':
        return 'sword'
      elif weapon_choice == 'a':
        return 'axe'
      else:
        return 'bow'
    else:
      return self.get_weapon()
    
  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    self.name = input("Name: ")
    self.weapon = self.get_weapon()
...

#[Monster.py]:
...